![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() However, given the multifactorial nature of CVS, and that other ocular conditions (e.g. In modern times, the range of eye and vision‐related symptoms associated with prolonged computer, tablet, and e‐reader use has been collectively defined as a multifactorial condition known as "Computer Vision Syndrome" (CVS) ( American Optometric Association 1995 American Optometry Association 2018 Sheppard 2018).Īsthenopic symptoms, such as sore eyes, eye fatigue, headaches, blurred vision, and dry eye, have been reported to affect up to 90% of computer users ( Rosenfield 2011). ![]() In terms of digital devices, use of LED‐backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs) has been associated with both symptoms of visual fatigue and changes to visual function, as quantified by a relative reduction in critical fusion frequency (CFF), being the frequency at which an intermittent (flickering) light stimulus appears to be in a complete steady stage to a human observer ( Isono 2013). light emitting diodes (LEDs) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) ( O'Hagan 2016)), both in working and domestic environments, has raised questions concerning the potential adverse effects of excessive exposure to short‐wavelength visible light. The ubiquitous use of technology and increasing exposure to modern lighting sources that emit relatively higher amounts of blue light than traditional light sources (e.g. ![]()
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